Marina y alta mar

En el contexto de frenos industriales, Marítimo y Offshore describe un entorno de aplicación caracterizado por ataques corrosivos extremos y persistentes, alta humedad, exposición directa al agua de mar, grandes fluctuaciones de temperatura y, a menudo, la presencia de atmósferas peligrosas o explosivas. Un freno especificado para servicio Marítimo y Offshore no es un freno estándar; es una pieza de equipo altamente especializada donde la fiabilidad a largo plazo y la seguridad en estas condiciones son los principales impulsores de diseño.

Las adaptaciones e características de ingeniería clave requeridas para que un freno esté certificado para uso Marítimo y Offshore incluyen:

1. Resistencia extrema a la corrosión: Este es el requisito más fundamental. Se logra mediante una estrategia de defensa multicapa:
   • Material Selection: Extensive use of corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel for all critical components, including pins, fasteners, linkages, and pistons. Bronze is also used for certain components.
   • Advanced Coatings: Application of specialized, multi-layer marine-grade paint systems (often epoxy-based and certified to standards like ISO 12944 C5-M) to all cast and fabricated steel parts. This provides a durable barrier against saltwater and atmospheric corrosion.
   • Component Plating: Critical internal and external components are often specially plated (e.g., with zinc-nickel alloys or chrome) for an additional layer of protection.
2. High Ingress Protection (IP Rating): The brake’s electrical and mechanical components must be completely sealed against the ingress of water and dust. This is designated by a high IP rating, typically IP66 or IP67. The enclosure for the electromagnetic coil, thruster, or terminal box is designed to be completely watertight, even against powerful jets of water or temporary submersion.
3. Explosion-Proof Certification: Many offshore applications, particularly on oil rigs, FPSOs (Floating Production Storage and Offloading units), and tankers, are classified as hazardous locations due to the presence of flammable gases. In these cases, the brake must also be certified as Explosion-Proof according to international standards like ATEX y IECEx.
4. Third-Party Marine Certification: For critical systems, the brake and its performance must be approved by a recognized marine classification society. This involves a rigorous design review, material traceability, and witnessed testing to the standards of bodies like DNV (Det Norske Veritas), ABS (American Bureau of Shipping)o Lloyd’s Register. This is the ultimate proof of the brake’s suitability for the application.

Estos frenos son esenciales para el funcionamiento seguro de una amplia gama de equipos en este sector, incluidos cabrestantes de manejo de anclas, cabrestantes de amarre, grúas offshore, drawworks, tensores de tubería y cable y pour botalón. La falla en este entorno no es una opción, por lo que cada componente se diseña con los factores de seguridad y durabilidad más altos.