Wind turbines typically use two main braking functions: rotor braking to stop and hold the main shaft for emergencies or maintenance, and yaw braking to hold the nacelle position against wind loads and control yaw movement. Both functions commonly rely on fail-safe, spring-applied brake designs to ensure safety during grid loss or control faults.
Rotor brakes are often hydraulic caliper disc brakes designed for high torque and reliable holding. They may work alongside aerodynamic braking (blade pitch control), but mechanical brakes provide the final lock. Yaw brakes are typically multiple calipers acting on a large yaw ring or disc, requiring stable holding torque and good wear behavior during frequent micro-adjustments.
Key selection factors include torque requirements under extreme wind loads, duty cycle (especially for yaw), corrosion resistance (offshore), and compatibility with hydraulic power units and monitoring systems. Condition monitoring—pad wear, hydraulic pressure, temperature—helps prevent unexpected downtime. Proper friction material and corrosion protection are essential to maintain consistent braking over long service intervals.
